Cyber Security Universe

Look, if you’re still testing AI by just asking it to "tell me how to build a bomb" and checking if it says "I can't do that," you’re about three years behind the curve. In 2026, AI VAPT (Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing) has moved way past basic jailbreaking. We’re now dealing with Agentic Workflows —where the AI isn't just a chatbot, but an employee with access to your Gmail, Drive, and internal APIs.

I wrote about Password Spraying Attacks on OWASP , where I explained how this technique differs from traditional brute force attacks. In simple terms, Password spraying is a variant of brute force attack methodology employed by malicious actors to gain unauthorized access to a system or application. In this type of attack, the assailant systematically attempts logins by using a list of usernames in conjunction with a single password—often a commonly used or default password. Unlike traditional brute force attacks, where multiple passwords are tried against a single account, password spraying involves trying one password across numerous accounts to evade account lockout mechanisms that would typically be triggered by repeated attempts on a single account. In this blog, I’m sharing the same insights with some additional context for readers of my personal site. Understanding this attack and its mitigations is crucial to building stronger defenses against evolving threats.

The  Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)  certification, offered by (ISC)², is one of the most recognized credentials in the cybersecurity industry . It validates an individual’s ability to design, implement, and manage a best-in-class cybersecurity program. Let’s break down the CISSP exam structure and address a common question:  Is there negative marking in the CISSP exam?

Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) represents a proactive approach to cloud security, focusing on the continuous monitoring and assessment of cloud infrastructure. In today's digital landscape, where cloud adoption has become ubiquitous, organizations face an ever-evolving array of security challenges. CSPM serves as a critical component in identifying and mitigating potential security risks, ensuring that cloud environments remain secure and compliant.

Understanding Localhost and Its Security Implications Localhost, often referred to as 127.0.0.1 or simply “home,” is a loopback network interface that a computer uses to communicate with itself. Predominantly used in software development, localhost facilitates the testing and debugging of applications in a controlled environment, separate from external networks. This isolation is crucial for developers to ensure the functionality and security of their code before deploying it to a live server.

Understanding the Basic Terms and Concepts of Container Security  Introduction to Container Security Container security is an essential aspect of modern software development, particularly in the context of DevOps and cloud-native applications. As organizations increasingly adopt containerization technologies like Docker and Kubernetes, ensuring the security of these containers becomes paramount. Container security encompasses a set of practices designed to protect containerized applications from various threats and vulnerabilities. Unlike traditional security practices, which focus on securing physical servers or virtual machines, container security emphasizes the protection of the containerized environment. Containers are lightweight, standalone units that package an application and its dependencies, enabling consistent deployment across different environments. This characteristic introduces unique security challenges that necessitate specialized approaches. The fundamental princi...